Mapping diagram of overlapping circles showing the relationship between items.

Adam Smith theory proposing that greater economic resources are used in international trade than through national trade.

Private, semi-government or government company providing growth equity or start-up capital for venture showing promise of higher returns than market rates of interest.

Private investor offering capital to business ventures with promise. See adventure capitalist and angel investor.

Plan written by an entrepreneur showing how they manage and direct a new business to get to certain goals.

Releases of the same item with changes made along the way.

Scheme of numbering differentiating between them.

Side of book on the left-hand side with an even page number. Opposite is recto.

UK. Against in proceedings of criminal nature. US. Against in all proceedings.

Vertically aligned training tasks when skill levels are increased from low to high.

Technique used to find relationship of items in a financial statement by expressing all amounts as a percent of the total. See horizontal analysis.

Procedure covering all levels of production from raw material to administration to end product by one company. Gives the entity market place strength.

Company mergers at varying stages of production and distribution of the same industry.

Organizational structure where information passes from top levels of management down through the lower levels and little is passed back up. Also known as top down management.

Market for services and goods is confined to a narrow customer base though most customers can use the product.

Formal or informal distribution where members work together for best efficiency and economies of scale and eliminate conflict in channels of distribution.

Social movement of a person down or up in status.

Web site serving as the point of entry to a niche market, area of interest or subject of interest. Also known as a mortal. See horizontal portal.

Competitor collusion to fix the price or to control supply of certain services and goods.

Publication focused on one industry or business. See trade publications.