Legal Articles

Telecommunications giant AT&T’s old, nostalgic name. Originally called Ma Bell because it was the primary service provider of telephone services and seen as the mother of the industry. The company adapted to the AT&T name after dismantling the original bell system company.

Superseded by CAMELS rating since 1994. Older evaluation-soundness measure of a bank. Management, asset quality, capital adequacy, risk-management, and operating results are evaluated.

When the actual card is unavailable to the merchant, the merchant’s account provider charges a handling fee for credit card transactions. By-mail, by-phone, or by-Internet orders are that situation. Due to the increased risk of fraud or non-payment, MOTO discount rates are higher than transaction discount rates for using a card swipe machine or magnetic stripe reader.

Homeowner’s associations’ monthly charge residents pay to maintain and mend common residential property components

Trading in options and futures is based on an index such as this. 20 blue-chip stocks comprise such a US stockmarket index. 17 of these blue-chip are also in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). .

Male-over-female superiority in the workplace as an unsubstantiated belief. Female employees fight those who disparage, denigrate or otherwise humiliate by this practice and belief.

exchange rate maintained at a certain level by the government’s intervention through the country’s central bank and not determined by the freemarket forces of demand and supply is indicative of this type of currency. but instead is . To some extent almost all currencies are managed . Also refer to floating exchange rate.

Information to make decisions affecting their work is collected by each employee as a key element of total quality management (TQM).

Exercising its discretion in certain areas without discussions with or the agreement of a union as an employer’s or management’s unqualified authority. The rights to (1) assign and direct workforce, (2) discipline employees for just cause, (3) increase / reduce workforce in support of the firm and based on available money, (4) decide products availability, price, method. Also known as management rights, they are not subject to negotiations and may be expressly stated as such in a collective bargaining agreement.

Constraining mandate on an employer for this matter of contention. If the issue pertains to wages, working hours, or terms and conditions of employment, and the like, an employer is legally prevented from making a unilateral change without advance notice to the union and an bargaining opportunity. Also known as mandatory subject of bargaining. Also refer to management prerogative.

Details over time or for a project the different skills required. Also, details how to get them and when to get them. Personnel resource estimating or projecting.

Production and performance quality expressed in designs tied to a production plant’s outlay.

coverage or conditions not included in a standard policy are specifically written into this policy. To comply with state laws, a larger brokerage for a larger account will prepare this type of policy.

All other factors remaining constant, an activity’s overall benefit increase caused by a unit increase in the level of that activity. Also known as marginal utility.

With all other factors remaining constant, this is the resulting output from hiring one more worker. Output of a firm or economy as a measured physical increase.