UK. Against in proceedings of criminal nature. US. Against in all proceedings.

Vertically aligned training tasks when skill levels are increased from low to high.

Technique used to find relationship of items in a financial statement by expressing all amounts as a percent of the total. See horizontal analysis.

Procedure covering all levels of production from raw material to administration to end product by one company. Gives the entity market place strength.

Company mergers at varying stages of production and distribution of the same industry.

Organizational structure where information passes from top levels of management down through the lower levels and little is passed back up. Also known as top down management.

Market for services and goods is confined to a narrow customer base though most customers can use the product.

Formal or informal distribution where members work together for best efficiency and economies of scale and eliminate conflict in channels of distribution.

Social movement of a person down or up in status.

Web site serving as the point of entry to a niche market, area of interest or subject of interest. Also known as a mortal. See horizontal portal.

Competitor collusion to fix the price or to control supply of certain services and goods.

Publication focused on one industry or business. See trade publications.

Option strategy where a put or call option purchase will match one sold of the same class and date of expiry. Also known as perpendicular or price spread.

Faster variety of ADSL where speeds of 12 -52 million bits per second downstream and 1.6-19.2 Mbps upstream. Also known as broadband digital subscriber line, BDSL.

Oil tanker that carries up to 250,000 DWT.

1. Confer right of legal ownership. 2. Confer legal authority, rights, power. 3. Designation of endowment of power, authority, rights.

Agent commissions even if he no longer works for the insurer that come from renewal of business.

Immediate right to possession and use of a property or interest in a property.

Process where the authority privilege or right to interest or asset unconditionally passes to a body.

Document vested in a body.