When an underwrite gives extra share when an investor agrees to buy on the secondary market. This is illegal and is called spinning.

1. Transporting vessel receiving its cargo. 2. Transportation vessel’s loaded cargo for transport. The cargo’s carrier issues a receipt known as a bill of lading.

Conceptual relationship between marginal tax rates and total tax collections in a graphical representation named after US economics professor Arthur Laffer. He proposed that lower taxes encourage greater output and supply, increasing

The time it takes an insurance claim to process.

Financial market, economic indicators that only change following economic change to a new trend or pattern. Usually six months precedes a shift in these indicators, trailing behind the overall economic cycle versus

An economic philosophy that suggest government involvement in finances is not necessary. The market will balance itself out naturally.

Leadership style that is non-authoritarian. Such leaders give minimal guidance to subordinates, controlling with less obvious means. People are expected to excel, being left alone to respond to their responsibilities and obligations

Fusing or joining sheets of different materials into one sheet. Properties are better that the collective properties of the constituent materials.

Experienced as a single enterprise system by its users. Geographically dispersed, solidly interconnected and varied computer systems.

Prima facie evidence of land ownership. Similar to a deed for unregistered land. Document of title issued by a government’s land registry agency for registered free-hold or lease-hold land.

Adding driveways, fencing, parking spaces, pavements, walls, and the like as limited-life enhancements to a parcel of developed land. Also refer to land development.

Tally of purchase price, freight, insurance, and miscellaneous costs up to the port of destination. It typically includes shipment customs duties and tax levies. The total cost of a landed shipment.

Environmentally acceptable waste disposal to fill a depression in the earth. Typically, non-hazardous waste is layered and compressed over a specific area of land. At the end of each working day the

Anaerobic decomposition of organic waste at landfill sites causes gases, like methane, to occur.

Warehouse keeper issues this document to a recently landed shipment’s consignee as the shipment is stored in the warehouse. The document gives details of the shipment and the date when demurrage charges

Condition of acreage having no direct access to the sea, being totally surrounded by other unique land areas. An example is Switzerland.

Non-payment of rent and/or other charges gives rights to the lessor/owner to seize and sell a tenant’s assets.

Regulations on commercial activities involving trademarks. Federal regulations that ensure trademarks are unique to their users. It intends to reduce consumer confusion seeking to identify well-known goods or services. Also known as

Concealing theft of cash as a fraudulent practice. A cashier, clerk, or teller takes cash illegally from one customer’s payment to cover up taking cash from a previous customer’s payment, over and

Offer termination, regardless of the reason, other than completion of the deal. An offer lapses due to (1) expiration date reached; (2) a reasonable period has gone by, having no specified expiration