Actions and attitudes of individuals, groups and structures within an organization that can affect its function and performance.

Costs incurred when an organization is first set up.

The extent to which an employee buys into an organization?s goals.

Pollution that occurs when organic substances emit pollutants into the environment. These pollutants can usually be oxidized by naturally occurring micro-organisms.

This sort of pension plan is funded by a trust. It provides death benefits through life insurance coverage plans. The insurance premiums are paid by the firm until the employee retires, when

This is largely undocumented experience, insight, knowledge and skill acquired over the years by individuals within an organization. Although it can be transferred to new employees through formal and informal mentoring and

Flow chart, showing the hierarchical structure of an organization, including formal lines of communication and accountability.

Union activity, aimed at persuading the members of an organization to join the union.

This process entails staffing and resource allocation to immediate and long-term goals, and is one of the most vital responsibilities of a management team.

1. To employ a logical system to structure otherwise random or chaotic elements. 2. To operate in an efficient or methodical manner.

A typically hierarchical framework of authority, accountability, communication, and allocation of responsibility. Organizational structures should reflect the goals of the organization if they are to be successful.

The study of communication within and between organizations. It considers the impact of communication structures on the individuals within those structures, and can contribute to effective management.

1. The arrangement of several entities into a logical pattern or structure. 2. Pulling together the resources necessary to achieve shared objectives.

The most famous cartel in the world, made up of 12 major producers of petroleum (constituting about 40% of global oil exports). It was created in 1960, to fix crude oil prices

Economic theory that deals with transactions within organizations, rather than between organizations. Focuses on decision-making, risk management, organizational structure, employee remuneration, etc.

A non-profit fund to help people on low incomes. Provides assistance through education, affordable mortgages, micro-savings and micro-loans.

The price a company paid to acquire an asset.

Listed at the top of airline tickets, this is the first flight in an itinerary.

A customer?s first order with a company, used by marketers to gain understanding of new customer behavior.

The design of an organization determines how its operations are differentiated and integrated, as a response to environmental uncertainty.