Repairs to assets caused by day-to-day wear and tear that are required to maintain the asset?s functionality. These repairs do not increase the value of capital assets, they merely preserve value.

The interval between two sets of orders.

Agencies that only sell ordinary life insurance.

Software that can be downloaded, modified and redistributed for free. However, open source software often includes restrictions on re-sale.

In 1913, William Howard Taft ratified this law that split the Department of Commerce and Labor into two separate departments (the Department of Law and the Department of Commerce).

Pollution that occurs when organic substances emit pollutants into the environment. These pollutants can usually be oxidized by naturally occurring micro-organisms.

The rate at which a company will grow using only its own resources, without borrowing or buying other firms.

Revenue generated by orderly sales.

Founded in 1968 by conservative Arab states intending to generate international economic cooperation among petroleum producing and exporting countries.

The most famous cartel in the world, made up of 12 major producers of petroleum (constituting about 40% of global oil exports). It was created in 1960, to fix crude oil prices

Study of all aspects of organizations, from structures to management styles.

The study of communication within and between organizations. It considers the impact of communication structures on the individuals within those structures, and can contribute to effective management.

Individual behavior that is not mandated, but promotes the interests of the organization.

Assessment of organizational hierarchy, policies and procedures, and management systems. The aim is to identify organizational inefficiencies, relative to rival organizations, usually within administrative functions.

Principles and practices that define the unique atmosphere within an organization.

1. Similar to a living organism, with clear and functional internal structure and consistent life cycle of birth, growth, decay, and death. 2. Compounds (natural or synthesized) that contain carbon.

The adoption of large-scale changes to organizational policies, processes, structures or strategies.

The sum of all knowledge within an organization, pooled between all of its members.

The extent to which an employee buys into an organization?s goals.

Organic organizations consist of employees of similar status without formal job titles or responsibilities, so individuals can perform the tasks to which they are best suited. Decision making is informal without resort