Your Free Online Legal Dictionary • Featuring Black’s Law Dictionary, 2nd Ed.

Category: Finance Dictionary

DIFFUSION AND AMORTIZATION EFFECT

A concept indicating that the maximum CREDIT RISK of an INTEREST RATE SWAP occurs onethird to halfway through the life of a transaction. This occurs because simulated future INTEREST RATES used in

DIRECT LOSS

In INSURANCE, a loss where the covered PERIL is the PROXIMATE CAUSE of damage. PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE policies often limit protection to direct loss rather than direct loss and CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS.

DISENFRANCHISE

The process of removing voting rights from a class of COMMON STOCK so that investors in that class are only entitled to RENT RIGHTS. See also DISENFRANCHISING TRANSACTION.

DOWN AND IN OPTION

A COMPLEX OPTION that creates a standard EUROPEAN OPTION if the price of the UNDERLYING market reference declines through a predefined BARRIER. See also BARRIER OPTION, DOWN AND OUT OPTION, KNOCKIN OPTION,

EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)

The amount of net income earned by a company, after PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS have been distributed, which is attributable to each outstanding share of COMMON STOCK. The EPS measure is used as

EFFICIENT MARKET

Market where immediate response to information occurs, typically in terms of price increase and decrease, as in a stock market. Based on an alleged sense of fair play where all pertinent information

ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION

How buyers of a good or service to a substitute’s price changes. To what degree can two similar goods or services substitute for each other, based on price changes. Measured as a

ELECTRICITY SWAP

An OVERTHECOUNTER SWAP involving the exchange of fixed and floating electricity prices based on the average level of a recognized electricity pool or pricing index; transactions are often settled monthly or quarterly

ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)

Like the internet this predecessor to electronic commerce is a standards-based system, independent of the type of computer hardware and software employed. It facilitates computer-to-computer exchange of electronic documents, such as purchase

ELECTRONIC PORTAL

An integrated electronic interface where a sponsoring financial institution or EXCHANGE provides clients with access to a broad range of market information, research, quotes/ pricing, analytics, and/or trade execution.

ELIGIBLE MARGIN

Margin purchase leverage as securities or collateral. Leveraged by an investor borrowing money from the broker.

EMBEDDED OPTION

Provision giving a party specific rights to take specific actions under specific conditions as a part of an agreement. Examples in the bond market are a ‘callable bond’ and a ‘putable bond,.

EMISSION STANDARD

Maximum amount of a specific pollutant from a single fixed or mobile source allowed to be discharged into the atmosphere or water.

EMPLOYEE SELF-SERVICE (ESS)

Employer-provided, web-based system for employees to manage their personnel and payroll information. Access is given on earnings, taxes, benefits, direct deposits, retirement fund allocations, and vacation leave balances. Tax withholding information is

EN PENSION RATE

European term for hotel room rate offered to guests who take all their meals at the hotel. In UK, for example, it would include morning tea or coffee, breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea

ENDORSEMENT

1a. In insurance, this is an added, special provision to an insurance policy that improves or constrains its coverage. 1b. In other types of contracts, this one or more addenda not part

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