1. General. Document that is signed at the end to signify agreement , correctness or truth of contents. 2. Banking. Evaluating risk for lending by analysing loan contract details. 3. Insurance. Evaluation

Balance of received discount over market price of purchased securities reaming to be written off against the expenses.

Situation of an unemployment rate that is higher than natural unemployment rate in Keynesian economics.

Same as retained earnings unless a portion is to be held for a certain purpose.

Ownership claim of property or assets commonly owned with restricted claims but no one has an exclusive claim.

1. Accounting. Income received before a service is provided or a good is sold.2. Taxation. Income from means not arising from a person’s efforts.

Analyst rate of a security that reflects opinion that its will stay behind the market.

Degree of unreasonableness and unfairness of a contract or deal prompting a court to modify or nullify it.

People at the lowest level of society that have becomes victims of a poverty trap.

Person without adequate cover for a loss or a damage or who cannot meet a requirement of co-insurance.

Deal or contract between party of the account and the beneficiary of a L/C.

Part of the premium applying to a reinsured part of the policy.

Situation that has arisen when a portfolio’s investment are lower in proportion to the financial market’s share of capitalisation. Opposite of overweight.

Products that can be replaced with identical products but from different suppliers.

Accepting assumed explanations or causes as facts to escape discomfort are associated with uncertainty or ambiguity.

Account holding income recognised to pay insurance premiums.

Situation where businesses don’t have enough funds from stock holders for the size of operations.