1. the way back for a vehicle. A truck can either have a paying load or nonpaying load. 2. any shipment that is sent when on a vehicle on its return trip.

A situation where a MARKET MAKER refuses to perform on a quoted BID, generally in contravention of formal or informal marketmaking rules conveyed through AFFIRMATIVE OBLIGATIONS.

The titles a publisher has that are not on the current list but hidden in the back of a catalog.

A load carried by a truck that is does not pay.

A contract where more charges or profits are earned at the end of the contract.

The value of orders that are not yet filled or the undone jobs on any day. This shows that there is area for growth in teh company. AKA open order.

The negative effect that pending work puts on operations. When one element of the system is not available it holds up production.

An order that has to be filled later. The customer knows this and will wait. It is an important figure for customer services and inventory management.

An OPTION strategy designed to take advantage of VOLATILITY. A LONG back spread is created through the sale of a smaller quantity of closertothemoney PUT OPTIONS or CALL OPTIONS and the purchase

The process of determining the validity of a VALUE ATRISK model by comparing actual profit and loss experience with results predicted by the model. The process is also applicable in investment management,

1. another resource used to make sure an activity can go on. Or a project that is done if a primary one cannot be done. 2. saving data on disk that are

Making a chart starting with the result and going backwards to make subprocesses. The goal is to create output at a specific level of quality.

When newer software can work with the older version. AKA downward compatibility. Refer to upward compatibility.

When a scenario is built on an imagined future and works backward to see what is needed to get there. Refer to future backward and future forward.

When the consumer of materials buys suppliers or makes their own to cut costs.

The channels information, material, and money takes in a company. The suppliers and buyers make up a netowrk. Refer to forward linkages.

Making a production schedule working back from the due date and time. It shows what is needed when in the project at hand. Refer to forwards scheduling.

A cell that is microscopic. It is single cell and exists everywhere. Only a fraction of them are known to science. They are divided in five groups bacilli, cocci, filamentous, spirilla/spirochetes, and

When a company has a bad business practice that investors find out about. Revenue is lost as well as investors, customers, and suppliers. The market value also goes down. This can also

Stock that will be worth less than a dollar. It is held on to to see if the value will raise.