Observation: Increasing production costs are an economic reality when a company changes its product line to take advantage of some economic opportunity. This is caused by inefficiencies in retooling and reallocating specialized

The rule showing the expected outcome or mean of an asset.

Purchasing power doctrine preaching parity where the real purchasing power of different currencies trends to equalize differing inflation rate in the respective countries, forcing a similar price in each country for commodities

Economic concept that optimization brings an increase in returns from a manufacturing operation. A change in the proportion of production factors can push toward the optimum or away from it. An example

Biased judgment assuming that a small number of observations or data points can predict outcome from a larger sample population. Also refer to law of large numbers.

Statistical observation that any anomaly can be discovered by comparing different or larger samples if the samples from a large group of the test population trend to the group’s characteristics. Also refer

The collection of traditions, customs, statutes, usages, and laws of a country that apply to everyone, including the government, under the jurisdiction of its courts. Also refer to legal system.

That conflicts be resolved based on the facts of the situation. Human relations school of management concept. Rejects references to relative superiority of any party over the other. Oddly promotes the resolutions

Going onto a piece of land or a premises under a claim or court order by a non-owner or non-occupant,

Explaining how nature works by scientific generalizations. Arrived at by experimenting and/or observing or idealized descriptions.

Easygoing, loose, un-restricted. An expectation of discipline not tightly held, like a business dress code allowing jeans on Fridays.

Days a port authority allows a ship to load or unload cargo with no demurrage or late charges. Expressed as (1) Running Days: consecutive days plus weekends and holidays. (2) Working days:

Retail promotion scheme allowing the customer to leave a deposit for time-limited storage at the store of customer-picked items not fully purchased until the customer returns to pay-in-full. T

Two or more trusts in sequence where each sequential trust is the beneficiary of the prior trust.

Employment suspension or termination with or without notice due to no fault of the employee. Lack of work, cash, or material can be the reason. Redundancy is a term for a permanent

Draft or final format, master plan, or blueprint of different graphic elements arrangement of a printed or published work. The element lay out include body copy, colors, headlines, illustrations, and scale). The

Typically, polluted water as a landfill site runoff. Natural water sources are at risk if this is not collected.

Action of water soluble substances like calcium, fertilizers, or pesticides, dissolving in available water, typically rain, and washing out soil as a waste. Leached-out chemicals, known as leachites, are considered to be

Natural element as a heavy metal that endangers life. Proven to cause mental retardation, increased infections and cancer rates. Lead blunts the body’s defense mechanisms, the immune system, and collects in blood,

Collecting names and contact information about qualified sales prospects as a process. Intent is to contact these leads by the salespeople seeking sales orders. Direct response advertising and telemarketing are the biggest