Your Free Online Legal Dictionary • Featuring Black’s Law Dictionary, 2nd Ed.

PASSIVATION

Passivation is a process in which any substnace is rendered inert, or inactive through a chemical reaction. No more reactions can take place with a passivated substance.

PASSIVE ACTIVITY LOSS RULES

A regulation set by the IRS which forbits businesses to show losses that were incurred by passive activities on their balance sheets, so as to reduce the amount of taxes that htye

PARETO PRINCIPLE

A theory which states that if a larger number of people, or agents are contributing to any result, the major part of the portion, around 80 percent is because of the minority,

PARENS PATRIAE

i) It is the right held by the court to take a reasonable decision on the part of a person who is unable to make one for himself. Usually, such people suffer

PASSIVE FOREIGN INVESTMENT CORPORATION (PFIC)

A company foreign to the United States, which makes most of its money through investments. It must pass the Asset Test or the Income Test. Usually, investors follow differing regulations regarding the

PASSIVE LEARNING

When an student gets no response on his learning trend from his instructor, it is known to be passive learning.

PASSIVE INCOME

Any income that is not earned due to a direct acitivity. For instance, income made through rent, a limited partnership or any other passive source. It does not include earned salary, capital

PASSIVE CONTRACT

A contract that becomes enforcable without the signing of any party. For instance, a contract to uphold the copyrights of a book are set in place as soon as the customer buys

PASSIVE MEASURES

Measures taken to limit the impact of anything that might have been taken. These are usually taken so as to reduce the effect of any event that happened.

PASSIVE ATTACK

In terms of computer security, a passive attack is one in which an attempt is made to access unauthorized information, that is located upon a system, for electronic spying.

PASSIVE LOSS

Any loss that is incurred due to a passive activity. Examples include loss incurred through rented property, any limited partnership, etc.

PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL (PAP)

A tool which is designed to verify whether the password entered in to a computer is valid or not. It does, however, have integrity flaws, and hence, the passwords can be stolen

PASSIVE TRUST

A kind of trust in which the person who is being trusted need not perform any task, and hence, the trust is regarded as a complete title transfer to the person who

PASSWORD

Any number of characters, words or alphanumeric data, which can be used as an access key to gain entry in to a computer, any file or program.

PARTY SELLING

A method of selling in which the sellers carry out their operations from the residence of the customers, on a rotational basis. The customer obviously earns a commission for allowing the seller.

PARADOR

Any inn, hotel or lodge whose ownership lies with a government agency. It is commonly converted to a monastery, castle or a palace.

PARADIGM SHIFT

A significant alteration of an individual’s, or a society’s view of how things behave in this world. For instance, a paradigm shift occurred when it was found that the sun is the

PARTS PER MILLION (PPM)

A concentrated volume of any gas, or part of it, or any other substance, compared to a million particles of liquid or air. A fair comparison can be that of 5 liters

PAST ANCHORING ERROR

A mistake on the part of an interviewer, or the anchor, which occurs when he/ she rates an employ using their past ratings as a base.

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