Your Free Online Legal Dictionary • Featuring Black’s Law Dictionary, 2nd Ed.

PARTICULATE MATTER

Very tiny, solid or liquid particles that reside in air. Common examples include mist, smoke, dust, etc. Their densities, shape, electrical charge and color might vary.

PARTLY PAID SHARES (OR STOCK)

Any share whose full value has not been reimbursed for by the holders. A ‘call’ must be issued by the firm in order to collect the pending amount.

PARTNERSHIP BY ESTOPPEL

A legal, binding partnership that may occur where previously, no formal partnership agreement was in place. A person who exhibits such conduct, or says words which represent, or allow him to be

PARTS PER BILLION (PPB)

A concentrated volume of a part of gas, or any other substance, compared to billion parts of the air or liquid. For instance, a rough comparison is made when a teaspoon of

PARTS PER MILLION (PPM)

A concentrated volume of any gas, or part of it, or any other substance, compared to a million particles of liquid or air. A fair comparison can be that of 5 liters

PART-TIME

Failing to meet the standards of full- time. Usually, this means to work for a fraction of the period of time that was actually allotted. For instance, if the job requirements are

PARTY IN INTEREST

Any entity/ party that has a favorable interest in another entity, for instance, employers, fiduciaries or unions.

PARTY SELLING

A method of selling in which the sellers carry out their operations from the residence of the customers, on a rotational basis. The customer obviously earns a commission for allowing the seller.

PASCAL

Named after Blaise Pascal, Pascal is the metric unit used to measure the pressure of anything. It is defined as the newton force per meter (squared).

PASS THROUGH SECURITY

Obligations towards debt, which has been sold as shares. In such an agreement, the principal amount as well as the interest taken from borrowers first goes through the middleman, who deducts his

PASSAGE OF RISK

During a transaction, the passage of risk is a phase in which the risk of damage or loss passes from the seller of the product to the buyer. For different products/ items,

PASSING OF TITLE

The conveyance, or transfer of any title of any good/ property from the seller to the buyer, usually resulting in the transfer of ownership as well.

PASSIVATION

Passivation is a process in which any substnace is rendered inert, or inactive through a chemical reaction. No more reactions can take place with a passivated substance.

PASSIVE ACTIVITY LOSS RULES

A regulation set by the IRS which forbits businesses to show losses that were incurred by passive activities on their balance sheets, so as to reduce the amount of taxes that htye

PASSIVE ATTACK

In terms of computer security, a passive attack is one in which an attempt is made to access unauthorized information, that is located upon a system, for electronic spying.

PASSIVE CONTRACT

A contract that becomes enforcable without the signing of any party. For instance, a contract to uphold the copyrights of a book are set in place as soon as the customer buys

PASSIVE FOREIGN INVESTMENT CORPORATION (PFIC)

A company foreign to the United States, which makes most of its money through investments. It must pass the Asset Test or the Income Test. Usually, investors follow differing regulations regarding the

PASSIVE INCOME

Any income that is not earned due to a direct acitivity. For instance, income made through rent, a limited partnership or any other passive source. It does not include earned salary, capital

PASSIVE INVESTOR

An investor in a firm or company who does not take direct part in the management.

PASSIVE LEARNING

When an student gets no response on his learning trend from his instructor, it is known to be passive learning.

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