Your Free Online Legal Dictionary • Featuring Black’s Law Dictionary, 2nd Ed.

Category: P

POPULATION AT RISK

A certain portion of the population who is much more exposed to dangers or harm, in comparison to the larger population.

PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT

Investment made by a company, primarily for financial gain. It does not establish lasting interest, nor does it give effective management control. Secondly, it can also mean to any type of investment

POSITIVE ECONOMICS

Positive economy is when economics is studies with the ‘what is’ and ‘what will happen’ approach, in case a certain course of action is undertaken or not.

POST-MONEY VALUATION

When a firm is valued after a sale and when new shares are issued, it is called post money valuation. Generally taken by multiplying the total amount of outstanding shares with the

PRACTICAL NURSE

A nurse who is licensed to help her patients in performing usual tasks of the day such as eating, bathing, etc. A practical nurse cannot administer medication.

PRECERTIFICATION AUTHORIZATION

An authorization that must be taken from the insurer before treatment can be gven. The physicican of the insured party has to give in an estimate of the costs, as well as

PRE-EXPORT FINANCING

Loans that are provided to exporting companies, after the lenders carefully check and ensure that orders have been placed for the goods, hence ensuring that they will get returns for their loans.

PREMIUM RECEIPT

A receipt given out to a policy holder, by the insurer or an agent on behalf of the insurer, which provides confirmation that payment has been received.

PACKAGE POLICY

An insurance policy that includes more than two different kinds of coverage; for example, personal and commercial.

PAYBACK RULE

The amount of time it takes to pay back investments. The investment repayment takes the form of cash flows over the life of the asset. A discount rate can be given. Refer

PINNING THE STRIKE

When stock with heavy options trades near strike price of its most active option.

POSITIVE BASIS

When the price of cash is greater than the price of the futures. Refer to basis risk and negative basis.

PREMIUM LOADING

The amount an insurer needs to cover its expenses and generate profit. Fair premium is determined using premium loading and pure premium.

PRODUCER PRICE INDEX

The inflaction of a wholesale purchase. It is based on the manufacturing process not the associated services. Refer to consumer price index, harmonized index of consume prices, and retail price index.

PURE PREMIUM RATING METHOD

The way premium on property and causality insurance is calculated. Premium loading factors are not used in the process. AKA standard risk. Refer to speculative risk.

PAID-IN CAPITAL

Investment capital that came in the form of stock, public offering, or addon.

PAYER SWAPTION

When the payer can choose to pay fixed rates rather than floating rates. This occurs when the strike price have a high interest rate. Refer to reciever swapation.

PIP

The foreign exchange quotes fifth decimal point.

POSITIVE CARRY

When an asset earns more than it costs to maintain it. Refer to negative carry.

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