Category: O

Assessment of organizational hierarchy, policies and procedures, and management systems. The aim is to identify organizational inefficiencies, relative to rival organizations, usually within administrative functions.

Economic theory that deals with transactions within organizations, rather than between organizations. Focuses on decision-making, risk management, organizational structure, employee remuneration, etc.

The price a company paid to acquire an asset.

A record of a company?s debt obligations.

Work that is considered beyond the scope of the original contract, requiring an alteration to the cost or price.

An initial set of specifications, upon which more detailed specifications are based later in the design process.

An individual whose insurance coverage is worth more than the item(s) being insured.

This is the maximum amount of money that one bank will transfer to another in one day, limiting the bank?s exposure to monetary transfer risks.

The amount by which an insurer has exceeded its usual capacity (or has committed beyond its usual capacity).

It is the condition where the number of shares is less than the demand from buyers. The stock price is pushed higher as a result.

The capital invested in a corporation, based on the deduction of the book value of liabilities from the book value of assets.

A theoretical concept that includes the observer and the measuring device as a part of the entire system or in the system definition.

A pricing method that takes advantage of the psychological fact that customers are greatly influenced by certain prices or price ranges. Initially, this method was intended to enable accurate registration of transactions

items such as machinery and other goods that commercially produced, standardized and ready-made.

First compiled in 1969, this statistic is used by journalists and academic to measure aid and as an indication of the floor of international aid. The Development assistance Committee compiles the data

1. A country that is not one’s own. 2. Not located on land, but out in the sea

Products such as drill pipe and pipe casings that are utilized in the petroleum industry

Something that has been left out or not included (either deliberately or through neglect).

A location that provides just about everything a customer needs. This applies to various processes, like borrowing of funds, the obtainment of information or access to public services.

Photos, music or videos that are available on the internet for free or at a cost. These may or may not be copyrighted.