Your Free Online Legal Dictionary • Featuring Black’s Law Dictionary, 2nd Ed.

Category: O

ORAL WILL

A will communicated verbally to witnesses, rather than in writing, usually when the person is near death. Few states accept oral wills, due to the possibility of fraud, and they are generally

ORGANIC ACT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

In 1913, William Howard Taft ratified this law that split the Department of Commerce and Labor into two separate departments (the Department of Law and the Department of Commerce).

ORGANIZATIONAL UNIT

Teams, groups or departments within an organization with specific functions and objectives, and with their own allocated resources.

OSCILLATION

One complete cycle of to and fro motion from one extreme to another, and back to the original position.

OUTPUT CONTRACT

Purchase agreement that obligates a buyer to purchase (at fixed prices) everything a supplier produces during a fixed period.

OVERHEAD EXPENSE

Ongoing expenses incurred by the day-to-day running of a business. Includes utilities, rent and subscriptions.

OVERRIDE

1. The income from commissions received by a sales manager, based on the total sales made by his or her subordinates. 2. The payment of fees by a seller to a broker

OVERTRADING

1. General: Occurs when a business conducts more transactions than its working capital can sustain, straining cash flow and creating the risk of insolvency. 2. Securities trading: A trader?s attempt to extract

OBJECT ORIENTED

An operating system that utilizes objects in its user interface or programming language.

OFF PEAK

A product that is usually offered at a lower price during a period of minimal demand.

OFFICIOUS BYSTANDER TEST

A test used to determine if an unstated condition was originally implied at the time of writing the contract. In the method, an investigator tries to determine if the contracting parties had

OFFSHORE TRUST

A trust that is set up in a location, usually another country, different from the trustor’s location.

OLD ECONOMY

Economies having their roots in the Industrial Revolution and the bulk manufacturing of physical goods, whose objects are valued based on their physical properties. These include the energy sector, the steel and

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