Category: E

Entirely new or restructured industrial sectors. Coming into being as customers seek change, as new technologies overtake older ones, or as new socio-economic conditions manifest themselves. Typically growing at a rate faster

A statistical rule for a normal distribution. Declares that most values will be within 3 standard deviations of the mean. Known also as 689599.7 rule or three sigma rule.

Checking the suitability of a job applicant for a position. Employment testing is based on certain test scores indicating the likely level of job performance a candidate would provide. Testing is typically

Making text or code unreadable to secure it for transmission or transport. Both the sender, the encryptor, and the receiver, the decryptor, have the means to translate text or code from source

In biology, this is a substance produced by a cell, tissue, or organism. In industry, this is something caused or produced by factors within a model, organism, organization, or system. Contrast with

Relative efficiency of a cooling or heating appliance or equipment. Contrast to overall efficiency. A measured value expressed as the ratio of output-per-hour versus the energy consumed, measured in watts-per-hour. Output is

Introduced as an improved version in 1987. International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides poorer countries concessional loans medium-term (5 to 10 years) for arranged payments balance adjustments. Some 65 countries are eligible for

An organization’s mission, functions, processes and information flows depicted at the strategic level. Used as the reference for constructing all other models, decomposing the strategy into ever-increasing levels of detail.

Organized business-owner group, meeting regularly, sharing information, and experiences, as well as tools for improving businesses.

Degradation of a pollutant, documented in stages, once it is placed in an environment. Pollutants can be chemical, like a pesticide, or biological, like an enzyme.

Prohibits discrimination in benefits or wages based on gender when work performance involves similar skill sets, efforts, and job responsibilities. A federal statute amending the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1963.

When subdividing a large piece of land into adjacent pieces, an implied right-of-way to all pieces exists.

A lender charges a lower than normal interest rate in exchange for some percentage of interest in the asset used as collateral for the loan.

The idea that job satisfaction and motivation comes from measuring effort and results against another company’s staff.

Definition given to an unresolvable difference between a model and the actual result used for the model. The differences typically occur due to external factors. The model is typically a statistical or

Projected collection of monies from sales based on some previous experience. Usually time-bound for an accounting period. Can include interest yield.

Investing in stocks of company’s considered to by ethical. An investment philosophy. Usually done through mutual funds or unit trusts.

European issued junk bonds. The Virgin Group is an example of an issuer.

Expiration-date execution is the defining characteristic of this type of option. Contrast to an American option; execution can occur any time before and on expiration date. The average price of the underlying

Automatically renewed, rollover agreement every maturity period. Continues unless any involved party cancels the agreement.